Gene: BRCA1
Cancer Risks and Management (per NCCN version 3.2019):
Women:
Breast cancer risk: Elevated at 60%-70% – Recommend clinical breast exam every 6-12 months starting at age 25, annual breast MRI with contrast starting at age 25, and annual mammogram with consideration of tomosynthesis starting at age 30; consider risk-reducing mastectomy.
Ovarian cancer risk: Up to 44% – Recommend risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (removal of ovaries and fallopian tubes) between ages 35 and 40.
Men and Women:
Pancreatic cancer risk: Elevated – Consider MRI/MRCP or endoscopic ultrasound for BRCA1 carriers with a family history of pancreatic cancer in first-degree relative.
Men:
Breast cancer risk: Elevated at 1.2% – Recommend annual clinical breast exams starting at age 35.
Prostate cancer risk: Up to 16% – Consider PSA screening and digital rectal exam starting at age 40.
Inheritance: Autosomal dominant, thus parents, full siblings, and children have a 50% risk for the gene mutation.
Family Testing: At-risk family members should consider genetic counseling and genetic testing. For adult-onset conditions, recommend waiting to perform genetic testing on minors are at least 18 years old.
Reproductive Considerations: Option for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) may be available to ensure future generations do not inherit the known gene mutation. PGD is a procedure available for certain gene mutations to screen the embryo prior to achievement of pregnancy.
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